Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟ Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language -------------------------------------------------------------- Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 This file is UTF-8 encoded. Danish (da) --------- Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Wolther spillede på xylofon. (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther the circus clown played on xylophone.) German (de) ----------- Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung (= fuel oil recoil absorber) (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) English (en) ------------ The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Spanish (es) ------------ El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination of vowel + acute.) French (fr) ----------- Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. l'île exiguë Où l'obèse jury mûr Fête l'haï volapük, Âne ex aéquo au whist, Ôtez ce vœu déçu. Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. Irish Gaelic (ga) ----------------- D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh Hungarian (hu) -------------- Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) Icelandic (is) -------------- Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt (some ASCII letters missing) Japanese (jp) ------------- Hiragana: (Iroha) いろはにほへとちりぬるを わかよたれそつねならむ うゐのおくやまけふこえて あさきゆめみしゑひもせす Katakana: イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン Hebrew (iw) ----------- ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה Polish (pl) ----------- Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) Russian (ru) ------------ В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) Thai (th) --------- [--------------------------|------------------------] ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King.] Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people from all over the world who contributed these sentences. ? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> Glyphs | Samples | Charts | UTF | Forms | Home . Name Text Image Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ Armenian Յունիկօդ Bengali য়ূনিকোড Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ Braille Buhid Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ Cypriot Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? Deseret (English) ??????? Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ Georgian უნიკოდი ? Gothic Greek Γιούνικοντ Gujarati યૂનિકોડ Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? 統一碼 ? 万国码 ? 萬國碼 ? Hangul 유니코드 Hanunoo Hebrew יוניקוד Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ Khmer យូនីគោដ Lao Latin Unicode Unicode Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? Limbu Linear B Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് Mongolian Myanmar Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / Old Italic Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ Osmanya Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ Shavian Sinhala යණනිකෞද් Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ Tagbanwa Tagalog Tai Le Tamil யூனிகோட் Telugu యూనికోడ్ Thaana Thai ยูนืโคด Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། Ugaritic Yi Notes: There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each script in a language customarily written in that script, with more languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com , using the directions below: * *Supplying Missing Items* o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would be good to have the alternate spelling. o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target language) o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + "Юникод" + "Юникод" + Note: for / supplementary characters/ , there should be one hex number per code point, not two surrogates : # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black on white (plus grays if smoothed). * *Other Comments* o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, see Display Problems . o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty lame" [J. Becker]. o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, see What is Unicode? o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for pronunciation. * *Etymology of /Unicode/* o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message in this. (late 19th century, OED) o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly from Latin while the word "code" is through French. o The original Indo-European apparently would have been *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, but I like the association with "haggle" myself. * *Contributions* o This draws on contributions or comments from: + Dixon Au + Joe Becker + Maurice Bauhahn + Abel Cheung + Peter Constable + Michael Everson + Christopher John Fynn + Michael Kaplan + George Kiraz + Abdul Malik + Siva Nataraja + Roozbeh Pournader + Jonathan Rosenne + Jungshik Shin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Terms of Use . Last updated: MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as Mathematics and sciences: ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ Linguistics and dictionaries: ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] APL: ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ Nicer typography in plain text files: ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ ║ ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ ║ ║ ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ ║ ║ ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ ║ ║ ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ ║ ║ ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ ║ ║ ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ Combining characters: STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ Greek (in Polytonic): The Greek anthem: Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς Georgian: From a Unicode conference invitation: გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. Russian: From a Unicode conference invitation: Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. Thai (UCS Level 2): Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese classic 'San Gua'): [----------------------------|------------------------] ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the | character above.) Ethiopian: Proverbs in the Amharic language: ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። Runes: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') Braille: ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) Compact font selection example text: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა Greetings in various languages: Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ Box drawing alignment tests: █ ▉ ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ▝▀▘▙▄▟